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Decorator

Decorator is a structural pattern that lets you attach new behaviours to objects by placing them inside wrapper objects that implement the same interface. Each decorator adds its own layer of behaviour before or after delegating to the wrapped object. You can stack multiple decorators to combine behaviours — at runtime, without changing any existing class.

ℹ️Core idea: wrap an object in a decorator that implements the same interface, adds behaviour, and delegates to the wrapped object. Stack multiple decorators freely — each is transparent to the client.
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