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Singleton

Singleton is a creational pattern that ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global access point to it. It solves two problems at once: it controls instance count (exactly one) and provides convenient global access. Note that combining these two responsibilities is also why Singleton is frequently criticized.

⚠️Singleton is the most controversial design pattern. It is useful in specific cases but is easily misused as a disguised global variable. Understand its costs before reaching for it.
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