Mindset
Kotlin is not “a different Java” — it is another language that shares the JVM and interoperates with Java bytecode. Syntax and defaults differ: classes are public and final by default, there is no primitive/boxed split at source level (Int maps to int or Integer as needed), and equality uses == for structural comparison for many types. When reading Java docs, mentally translate getters to properties and nullability to platform types in Kotlin (T!).
Final-by-default classes — use open for inheritance
== calls equals for objects
Java APIs appear as platform types when nullness unknown
Side-by-side themes
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