Tangent as the graph of a linear function
If f is differentiable at x0, the tangent line to y=f(x) at (x0;f(x0)) is
y=f(x0)+f′(x0)(x−x0).
f′(x0) is the slope; the line y=kx+b with k=f′(x0), b=f(x0)−f′(x0)x0.
The normal (perpendicular to the tangent at the same point) when f′(x0)=0 has slope −1/f′(x0).
If f′(x0)=0 — the tangent is horizontal (y=f(x0))
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