Signing you in…

Firewalls and NAT

Firewalls enforce policy at L3/L4 (and beyond with L7 proxies): permit/deny by tuple, state, and zone. NAT translates private addresses to public — NAPT maps many internal hosts to one public IP using different source ports. Stateful firewalls track TCP/UDP flows so return traffic matches without explicit inbound rules.

Outbound SNAT
🏠
Private src
192.168.1.10:12345
🔄
NAT table
Map to public:port
🌐
Internet
Reply to public IP
↩️
Reverse NAT
Dest unmap to 192.168.1.10
Content is available with subscription.
Get full access to all courses on the platform for one year with a single payment.
Unlike other platforms that charge per course, here you get everything for one price, and after one year of use there will be no automatic charge for the following year.