UDP is minimal: 8-byte header (ports, length, checksum) on top of IP. No handshake, no retransmission, no ordering — perfect for DNS, VoIP, gaming, and QUIC's foundation when you want application-level control.
TCP vs UDP at a glance
| Aspect | TCP | UDP |
|---|---|---|
| Connection | Stateful handshake | Connectionless |
| Reliability | Retransmit, order | Best effort — app fixes loss |
| Overhead | Larger header, state | Small header |
| Use cases | Web, DB, file transfer | DNS, streaming, NTP |
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