To increase a number means to add another number to it (it gets larger). To decrease means to subtract (it gets smaller). In word problems you often see clues like: "there are more by…", "more came", "we added" — that is increase. "Some left", "flew away", "ate some" — that is decrease.
Increase — + (add)
Decrease — − (subtract)
Increase story: we add to a number — it grows
Decrease story: we take away from a number — it shrinks
On the number line
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